THE USE OF DISCUSSION AND DEBATE METHODS IN LEARNING CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION TO IMPROVE CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Abstract

Citizenship Education plays an important role in developing critical thinking skills in elementary school students. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of using discussion and debate methods in learning Citizenship Education to improve students' critical thinking skills. This study used a mixed-methods approach, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis. The participants in this study were elementary school students from grades 4 to 6. This research consists of two stages. In the first stage, students are involved in discussions and debates in class as part of the Citizenship Education curriculum. Discussions focused on actual social issues, whereas debates involved structured arguments on various topics related to citizenship and social responsibility. In the second stage, students' critical thinking skills were assessed using the pre-test and post-test, as well as through observation and interviews. The results showed a significant increase in students' critical thinking skills after engaging in discussion and debate activities. Qualitative data revealed that students developed better analytical skills, the ability to evaluate multiple viewpoints, and the ability to construct arguments well. In addition, students report increased motivation, engagement, and interest in Citizenship Education. These findings highlight the effectiveness of discussion and debate methods in improving critical thinking skills of elementary school students in the context of Citizenship Education. The inclusion of these interactive methods in the curriculum can provide students with valuable opportunities to develop critical thinking skills, cultivate active citizenship, and a deeper understanding of democratic processes.