Application of Debate Learning Method to Improve Students' Emotional Intelligence

Abstract

Elementary school children's language skills can be improved through the debate method. This method involves students in active discussions, which encourages speaking and critical thinking skills. In a debate, students are divided into pro and con groups, where they learn to present arguments logically and politely. This process not only improves speaking skills, but also builds children's self-confidence and social skills. Thus, debate becomes an effective tool in language and communication development at the elementary school level. The main problem of this research is the use of methods applied in previous classes that are monotonous, resulting in learning that looks boring and does not involve students directly, so that it has an impact on low social interaction skills of students in the classroom. The research used in this study is a literature review. The findings and materials of this research were obtained from reference materials to be used as a basis for research activities. This study aims to (1) discuss the application of debate learning methods in Civics subjects which aim to improve students' social interaction skills, (2) develop critical thinking methods for children, learn to analyze information, construct arguments, and consider different points of view, which strengthens their critical thinking skills, (3) help students manage emotions and express opinions productively, and create a healthy discussion environment. The results of the study showed that there were differences in the emotional intelligence of students in PKn learning before and after receiving the treatment of the application of the debate method. This means that PKn learning using the debate method can improve students' emotional intelligence. By taking the assumption of constructivism and Piaget's cognitive theory, the debate method is able to develop the cognitive, emotional, and language aspects of students. The process of social interaction in learning activities has built an active learning process that has an impact on the development of logical and systematic thinking, being able to think abstractly, having good emotional and language skills, concentrating on learning, being respectful of oneself and others.